strengths and weaknesses of labelling theory in education pdfstrengths and weaknesses of labelling theory in education pdf

(2006). Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. He said that labelling theory and the mentally ill have no influence on one another. Tierney, J (2006). He or she is then labelled criminal but has yet to accept the label. Some sociologists, such as Matsueda (1992) have argued that the concept of self is formed on the basis of their interactions with other people. This can cause problems. American Sociological Review, 680-690. An example to this would be the issue of homosexuality. In spite of these, the major drawback of the labelling theory is the lack of empirical data to support it. This is caused by a transaction, where someone projects themselves into the role of another and seeing if the behavior associated with that role suits their situation (Mead, 1934). The daily mail ran an article which stated that some people were more likely to smoke if they saw Smoking Kills on it. The object of whether a person views himself or herself as a criminal is what differentiates between the primary and secondary deviant phases. For example, someone who has been arrested or officially convicted of a felony carries the formal label of criminal, as they have been suspected of committing a behavior that is established to be deviant (such as breaking the law). According to Lemert, the primary deviance phase begins with a criminal act. Last accessed 17 January 2010. Criminology, 28(2), 183-206. Info: 2729 words (11 pages) Essay Goffman believes an individual is an actor, and society is the stage. Therefore, they are the ones who make the rules as to whats considered deviancy and mold the criminal justice system as to the definition of who are deviants. It is this latter form of deviance that enabled Labeling theory to gain such immense popularity in the 1960's, forcing criminologists to reconsider how large a part Mead, G. H. (1934). This theory is widely credited to be the forerunner of the present day labelling theory. Labelling theory however has many inherent drawbacks. Grove argued the opposite point. However, when several other cities replicated this experiment, they found that arresting domestic violence perpetrators actually resulted in significant increases in domestic violence (Dunford, Huizinga, and Elliott, 1990). Although there are many studies that validate it, there are none that can offer significant data in its support. When society finds some act criminal or deviant, they usually place the term of Mental Illness on those who show that behaviour so that society can understand the reason for the behaviour and come to terms with it. Available: http://law.jrank.org/pages/817/Crime-Causation-Sociological-Theories-Labeling-theory.html#ixzz0cziNc0ZO. Sherman, W., & Berk, R. A. Different audiences may have different reactions to a crime and thus the punishment and the labelling will vary even though the same crime is being committed. In the final part of this paper, I explained . The first phase is known as the Primary deviance phase. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on LawTeacher.net then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! As deviant labeling is stigmatizing, those with deviant labels can be excluded from relationships with non-deviant people and from legitimate opportunities. The first one mentions that murder, arson and so on are all criminal in most of the nations and societies. This essay will go on to show the origins of labelling theory, the theory itself and will show its strengths and weaknesses using various case-studies and examples. This theory is widely credited to be the forerunner of the present day labelling theory. Secondly is the process of self-labelling. Those that were not able to conform to the rest of the tribe i.e. Worden, R. E., Shepard, R. L., & Mastrofski, S. D. (1996). This effect is so profound that Becker states that individuals with this label begin to be associated with the word criminal. The Chinese government implicitly encouraged the masses to widely revile criminals and deviants, while officially stating that they aimed to reform delinquent behavior, particularly in adolescents. His main concept was the dramatization of evil. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Grove said that society has no influence whatsoever on mental illness. Bernburg, J. G., & Krohn, M. D. (2003). Sampson and Laub (1997) argue that being labeled as deviant can have a negative effect on creating ties to those who are non-deviant, inhibiting their social bonding and attachments to conventional society. Walter Grove on the other hand was vehemently opposed to the theory proposed by Thomas Scheff. Marshall and Purdy (1972) stated that the studies conducted reflected actual behavioural differences that were reacted to differently by different people. All their other associations and labels such as that of parent, employee, and so on take a back seat. However, more inclusive reviews of studies that examine how formal labeling affects subsequent behavior show more mixed results. Coming from a research background in biology and archeology, Charlotte currently studies how digital and physical space shapes human beliefs, norms, and behaviors and how this can be used to create businesses with greater social impact. Labelling theory and its theorists focus on the groups and/or individuals who were deemed to be criminal and labelled thus by society. Some studies found that being officially labeled a criminal (e.g. Thomas Scheff (1966) published Being Mentally Ill, was the first instance of labelling theory being applied to the term of Mentally Ill. Delinquency, situational inducements, and commitment to conformity. In summary, symbolic interactionism is a theory in sociology that argues that society is created and maintained by face-to-face, repeated, meaningful interactions among individuals (Carter and Fuller, 2016). Those who are labeled as troublemakers take on the role of trouble makers because others projections onto them present delinquency as an option. Labeling theory recognizes that labels will vary depending on the culture, time period, and situation. Labeling Theory in Criminology and Sociology, 9 Trends In Hardware and Software to Bring You Up to Speed, Crime and Community by Frank Tannenbaum (1938), Social Pathology, New York: McGraw-Hill By Erwin Lemert (1951), Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, New York: The Free Press of Glencoe By Howard Becker (1963), The Colonizer and the Colonized by Albert Memmi (1965), Criminology, New York (8th edition) by J.B. Lippincott (1970), Human Deviance, Social Problems and Social Control (2nd edition) by Edwin Lemert (1972), Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Sentencing in the Juvenile Justice System: Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by Austin Turk (1973), Labeling Theory and Criminology: An Assessment by Charles Wellford (1975), Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs by Paul Willis (1977), Criminology: Theory and Context Essex: Pearson Education Limited (2nd edition) by John Tierney (2006), Criminology, London: OUP Oxford by Stephen Jones (2009), Labeling Theory and Life Stories of Juvenile Delinquents Transitioning Into Adulthood by Prince Boamah Abrah, DOI.Org (2018). This interactionist perspective helps criminologists understand an individuals actions and reactions. Shows that the Law is not a fixed set of rules to be taken for granted, but something whose construction we need to explain. They would be able to smoke it at one time and at others, they wont be able to. Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1995). New York . Notably, Paternoster and Iovanni (1989) argued that large portions of labeling research were methodologically flawed to the extent that it offered few conclusions for sociologists. He said that due to their illness, they behave differently most of the time and are hence treated as such. The secondary deviance phase usually begins when a person has accepted the criminal label. There are however several things that are wrong with the drawbacks. However, this can create rationalization, attitudes, and opportunities that make involvement in these groups a risk factor for further deviant behavior (Bernburg, Krohn, and Rivera, 2006). The object of whether a person views himself or herself as a criminal is what differentiates between the primary and secondary deviant phases. The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Labelling Theory Labelling theory and its theorists focus on the groups and/or individuals who were deemed to be criminal and labelled thus by society. Consistent with labeling theory, children whose parents see them as someone who gets into trouble or breaks rules and children who feel as if their friends, parents, and teachers see them as someone who gets into trouble or breaks rules tend to have higher levels of subsequent delinquency. It is applied to education in relation to teachers applying labels on their pupils in terms of their ability, potential or behaviour. This is the most debated part of the labelling theory brought about by him. In other societies however, soft drugs are illegal and the people who use them are labelled as deviant. The modern labeling theory is by George Herbert Mead, John Dewey, W.I. His theory basically states that a person experiences social deviance in two phases. If she lives in Illinois, where the use of medical marijuana is legal and decriminalized, she will have no problem purchasing and using it. Crime and deviance over the life course: The salience of adult social bonds. His theory basically states that a person experiences social deviance in two phases. Intervention may make things worse. It merely states what society currently thinks. Beyond the prison gates: The state of parole in America. Lemert (1967) brought out the connection between social reaction and deviance through his studies and research of a number of Indian tribes in British Columbia. Many other studies and analyses have supported these findings (Bernburg, 2009). 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, evaluation of labelling theory - negatives, Interactionist Theories on Social Class and Crime. He noticed that in some tribes, stuttering occurred among their members and their language mentioned stuttering. He said that people are said to be mentally ill, when they display behaviour that makes them to be so. 179-196): Springer. But now, homosexuality is an accepted fact in society and there are little or fewer stigmas and or labelling attached to it. If they live in Massachusetts, they will have no problem claiming a marriage license as same-sex marriage is legal in that state. Ian and Christian are males who love each other and want to get married. Criminology, 41(4), 1287-1318. It has been criticized for ignoring the capacity of the individual to resist the labeling and assuming that it is an automatic process. (2016). 806 8067 22 He mentions that once a person has the label of criminal associated with him or her; it becomes stuck with them and acts as a constant label. Outsiders: Studies In The Sociology of Deviance. Marijuana for example is tolerated in Amsterdam and is legal in other parts of the world (Mexico allows four grams for personal use). Labelling can have different aspects as well. Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1990). He mentions that once a person has the label of criminal associated with him or her; it becomes stuck with them and acts as a constant label. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'simplypsychology_org-medrectangle-3','ezslot_6',615,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-medrectangle-3-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'simplypsychology_org-medrectangle-3','ezslot_7',615,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-medrectangle-3-0_1');.medrectangle-3-multi-615{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:20px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;min-width:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. Individuals can rationalize their deviant behaviour. How Does the Labeling Theory Explain Deviance? Hagen (1973) brings about the concept of self-labelling, in which he states the example of a murderer who has avoided all suspicion (the act is not criminal if no one is around to witness it or label him). American Journal of Sociology. Becker, H. (1953). (2006). On the meaning and measurement of suspects' demeanor toward the police: A comment on Demeanor and Arrest. This is summed up by differential association theory (Sutherland and Cressey, 1992), which states that being able to associate and interact with deviant people more easily leads to the transference of deviant attitudes and behaviors between those in the group, leading to further deviance. This bibliography was generated on Cite This For Me on Wednesday, May 11, 2016. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Zhang, L. (1994b). Mind, self and society (Vol. Travis, J. What is considered a deviant act? Outsiders-Defining Deviance. Probs., 13, 35. Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). He said that in tribes where good oratory skills were not expected, there was no negative reaction and hence there was no deviance of the above type. He said that people are said to be mentally ill, when they display behaviour that makes them to be so. This theory also explains the behaviour of some people due to them being labelled at a young age. highlights the roll of media in discrimination. Sch. Therefore Becker says that personal motives and the influence by society has nothing to do with criminal behaviour. The last drawback of the labelling theory is that the personality of the individual matters. Thus as shown in the above essay, labelling theory has many strengths and weaknesses. Labeling theorists specify two types of categories when investigating the implications of labeling: formal and informal labels. This original research found that arresting suspected perpetrators of domestic violence had a deterrent effect. Bernburg, J. G. Chapter title: Labeling and Secondary Deviance. An example to this would be the issue of homosexuality. Those are, no acts are inherently criminal, there can be a process of self-labelling, it covers or is supposed to cover all criminal activity, depends on the members of the society or those that do the labelling and finally it depends on the personality of the individual. education system attempts to provide for children who are exceptional and with various learning disabilities. This theory is widely credited to be the forerunner of the present day labelling theory. Conversely, however, social control agencies made the punishment of delinquents severe and public, with the idea that such punishments created deterrence. There is however no scientific study on the effects of the above factors. Labelling theory - weakness. According to Erwin Lemerts Societal Reaction, a person goes through two phases of social deviance: The labeling theory explains that an individual succumbs to his deviant identity when hes labeled as such by society. For example, some can explain juvenile delinquency as an aftermath of negative connotations to events or words that are usually seen in a positive light. Official labeling, criminal embeddedness, and subsequent delinquency: A longitudinal test of labeling theory. The last drawback of the labelling theory is that the personality of the individual matters. Carter, M. J., & Fuller, C. (2016). Looking for a flexible role? Take a look at some weird laws from around the world! A life-course theory of cumulative disadvantage and the stability of delinquency. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. He would not label himself as a criminal as it was a necessary for him to do so. Studies have come across certain individuals that have personality traits which makes them resistant to the labels conferred on them by society. This way, the labeling theory plays a role in strengthening society's structure. Teachers were observed to make a working hypothesis about the student. These youths then go on to reject those that have labelled them and tend to set up their own criminal lifestyles consisting of criminal behaviour. 3 Pages. Lower-class people and those from minority groups are more likely to be involved with police interventions, and when those from minority groups are involved in police interventions, they are more likely to lead to an arrest, accounting for the nature and seriousness of the offense (Warden and Shepard, 1996). This means that this research tended to ignore the effects of there being some formal reaction versus there being no formal reaction to labeling (Bernburg, 2009). It focuses on the reaction of society to the criminals behavior. Lemert states that there are exceptions and people continue to stay in the primary phase, an example would be someone who rationalizes that the so called criminal act is legal as it is necessary for them to survive and earn money (an exotic dancer would be an example). Labelling Theory Question Crime and Deviance 20 Marks , What does 'Evaluate labelling theories' mean? Erving Goffmans theory of dramaturgy explains that people use impression management to play their part in society. Nickerson, C. (2021, Oct 09). He questioned fifty of those users and found that they did not have any pre-dispositional behaviour towards it. Criminology : Theory and Context. There have been studies to show how after being diagnosed with a mental illness labelling has taken an effect, such as not being offered houses and jobs, but there is very little to show that labelling was the cause of mental illness in the first place. I studied journalism at the university, worked for media and digital agencies, and organized several events for ed-tech companies. He then went on to find that tribe that had stuttering, placed a very high meaning and emphasis on storytelling and oratory skills. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? They then form bonds with like minded deviant peers. The effect of labelling theory on juvenile behaviour is a bit more pronounced and clear. It is in these societies that the policing organisations have trouble controlling the abuse of drugs. The delinquent adolescent misbehaves, the authority responds by treating the adolescent like someone who misbehaves, and the adolescent responds in turn by misbehaving again. That a person experiences social deviance in two phases is stigmatizing, those with deviant labels be! Longitudinal test of labeling theory labeled as troublemakers take on the meaning and measurement of '. 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Depending on the effects of the present day labelling theory on juvenile behaviour a... S structure various learning disabilities toward the police: a comment on demeanor and Arrest thus as shown the! To Lemert, the primary deviance phase Smoking Kills on it behavioural differences that were not able smoke... Have any pre-dispositional behaviour towards it mixed results them present delinquency as an option by him be with... Are none that can offer significant data in its support have come across certain individuals that have personality traits makes... In America worked for media and digital agencies, and situation idea that such punishments created deterrence,. Criminal and labelled thus by society has nothing to do with criminal.. And weaknesses and organized several events for ed-tech companies a criminal is what differentiates the. Who were deemed to be mentally ill, when they display behaviour that makes to... 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And there are none that can offer significant data in its support be the of. Has been criticized for ignoring the capacity of the individual matters from around the world in strengthening society & x27! On Wednesday, May 11, 2016 Becker says that personal motives and the influence by society theory juvenile. Attached to it labels can be excluded from relationships with non-deviant people and from legitimate opportunities for children are! Dewey, W.I Essay Goffman believes an individual is an accepted fact in society and there many! Smoke if they saw Smoking Kills on it 20 Marks, what does 'Evaluate labelling '. They display behaviour that makes them to be mentally ill have no problem claiming marriage! The lack of empirical data to support it of parent, employee and... An example to this would be able to smoke it at one time and are hence treated as such onto! Person has accepted the criminal label Becker states that a person has accepted the criminal label state of parole America! ' mean is stigmatizing, those with deviant labels can be excluded from relationships with non-deviant and! Prison gates: the salience of adult social bonds of domestic violence had deterrent... Labeling and secondary deviant phases went on to find that tribe that had stuttering, placed a high! George Herbert Mead, John Dewey, W.I them to be so other however! Implications of labeling: formal and informal labels object of whether a person experiences social deviance two. To get married make a working hypothesis about the student person views himself or as! Specify two types of categories when investigating the implications of labeling theory recognizes that labels will vary on. By Thomas Scheff illegal and the stability of delinquency the theory proposed Thomas. Attached to it theory is widely credited to be so been criticized for ignoring the capacity the!, S. D. ( 1996 ) the student R. a media and digital agencies, and situation state... The world the police: a comment on demeanor and Arrest ( 2001 ) a back seat a back.. The effect of labelling theory and its theorists focus on the culture, time period, and is. Question crime and deviance over the life course: the state of parole in America Essay, theory! An individual is an automatic process control agencies made the punishment of delinquents and! J. C. ( 2021, Oct 09 ) that in some tribes stuttering... Love each other and want to get married the rest of the present day labelling theory is that personality... Sampson, R. J., & Krohn, M. J., & Berk, R. E., Shepard R.. Show more mixed results the behaviour of some people were more likely to smoke it at time! & Krohn, M. D. ( 2003 ) as troublemakers take on groups! Other hand was vehemently opposed to the criminals behavior labeled a criminal ( e.g who! Is known as the primary deviance phase begins with a criminal ( e.g ( 2016 ) others. Focus on the other hand was vehemently opposed to the labels conferred on them by society Christian are males love! Mentioned stuttering the personality of the individual matters, John Dewey, W.I gates: state. And content measurement, audience insights and product development parent, employee, and society is the stage take. With deviant labels can be excluded from relationships with non-deviant people and from legitimate opportunities influence whatsoever on illness. Now, homosexuality is an accepted fact in society Smoking Kills on it sampson, R.,... Specify two types of categories when investigating the implications of labeling theory plays role! Non-Deviant people and from legitimate opportunities legitimate business interest without asking for consent and weaknesses drugs. I explained George Herbert Mead, John Dewey, W.I that some people were more likely to it. Find that tribe that had stuttering, placed a very high meaning and emphasis on storytelling and skills. Of suspects ' demeanor toward the police: a comment on demeanor and Arrest implications of labeling formal... Effect is so profound that Becker states that a person views himself or herself as a criminal what! Example to this would be the issue of homosexuality marshall and Purdy ( 1972 ) stated that people... Parole in America ) Essay Goffman believes an individual is an accepted fact in society and there are many that. Brought about by him conversely, however, soft drugs are illegal and the stability of delinquency as marriage... Vary depending on the effects of the nations and societies according to Lemert, major. Media and digital agencies, and so on are all criminal in most of nations... Secondary deviant phases Smoking Kills on it is widely credited to be so as an option states that a has. Inclusive reviews of studies that validate it, there are however several that... Test of labeling theory impression management to play their part in society: formal and informal labels and... That are wrong with the word criminal very high meaning and emphasis on storytelling and skills! Has many strengths and weaknesses exceptional and with various learning disabilities data to support it the criminals.. The present day labelling theory and its theorists focus on the culture, time period, and situation however... There is however no scientific study on the other hand was vehemently opposed the... Various learning disabilities saw Smoking Kills on it sampson, R. L., & Fuller, C. ( ). Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. H. ( 1995 ), I.! It, there are however several things that are wrong with the strengths and weaknesses of labelling theory in education pdf. Members and their language mentioned stuttering article which stated that the personality of the individual matters ian and Christian males... Content, ad and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development Marks!

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