The government-owned ferry operators annual fuel consumption is on par with that of a "midsize airline, he said, making it the states biggest diesel polluter. stx europes rama finland shipyard built the ship under the cypress flag in 2012. Washington State Ferries (WSF), operates an extensive system 24.5 million people a year. These waterjet-powered vessels, displaced 19,638 tonnes, accommodating 375 passenger cars and 1,500 passengers. 0000008416 00000 n Autonomous shipping on the Kiel Fjord is one step closer: with the christening and the launch of MV Wavelab at the Gebr. Both ferries are based in the northern Tasmanian port city of Devonport and sail to Geelong. 130 automobiles and 150 trucks There are 190 staterooms and 240 seats on board. It is 214 metres long by 27 metres broad, weighs 41 800 tonnes, and has a load capacity of 7770 tonnes. These are either self-propelled craft or cable ferries. Formerly Knossos Palace. SWTD ferry service is also one of the most affordable modes to enjoy the beauty of the scenic Kerala backwaters. Created in 1951, the Washington State Ferry system is the largest ferry system in the United States and the third largest system in the world. It is powered by four diesel engines with a total horsepower of 75 300 horsepower and can reach a speed of over 27 knots. In the United States, Washington State has the largest ferry system in the country. In selecting the best we looked beyond the league tables of the most (passengers) and the biggest (fleet size). As a result, Sterling said people in Washington state would likely be riding on some sort of electric-powered ferry in the next couple of years.. A train ferry is a ship designed to carry railway vehicles. Who has the largest ferry system in the world? At 12 decks highincluding six for vehicles decksand reaching heights of 167 feet from keel to mast, the Irish ferry passenger ship Ulysses is one of the largest passenger ferries in the . Citing data from the Maritime Battery Forum, Jostein Bogen, global product manager for energy storage and fuel cells at ABB Marine & Ports, said there are currently 101 battery-operated car and passenger ferries in operation worldwide, with a further 76 under construction. 0000016517 00000 n Formerly Festos Palace. Onboard accommodations for passengers include dining, entertainment, and shopping areas, as well as comfortable sleeping quarters. See Experiment (horse powered boat). By combining the two types of vessels, it provides an efficient way to move people and goods along waterways, while also providing an enjoyable experience for passengers. The Grid Edge comprises technologies, solutions and business models advancing the transition toward a decentralized, distributed and transactive electric grid. The ship, capable of carrying 30 vehicles and 200 passengers, is powered by a 4.3MWh battery system. It sails between France and England and cost around 210 million dollars to build. Additionally, it serves ports on nearby islands such as South Korea and Russia. Baleria also announced plans to build an LNG fueled 1,200 passenger catamaran fast ferry for Mediterranean service at the Armon shipyard in Asturias (in northern Spain), with delivery for mid-2020. As a measure of the total internal volume of a ship, gross tonnage is most commonly used to compare the size of civilian ships. It can convey 700 people, 120 trucks, and 130 vehicles. In the Philippines, the Philippine Nautical Highway System forms the backbone of the nationwide transport system by integrating ports with highway systems. [35] Both LNG and methanol reduce CO2 emissions considerably and replace costly diesel fuel. It provides access to numerous islands, including the San Juan Islands (as well as some of their smaller satellite islands), Vashon Island, Bainbridge Island, and Orcas Island. Tourist excursions are also offered by Blue & Gold Fleet and Red & White Fleet. Check out all of our energy storage resources. One or more vehicles are carried on a pontoon with ramps at either end for vehicles to drive on and off. Largest ferry in the world in terms of gross tonnage. Additionally, the Oasis is equipped with two ziplines stretching across deck 15 for passengers to enjoy. The world's largest ferries are typically those operated in Europe, with different vessels holding the record depending on whether length, gross tonnage or car vehicle capacity is the metric. In Hong Kong, Star Ferry carry passengers across Victoria Harbour. Policy & regulation are aligning with renewables cost declines to make projects more profitable and portfolios more sustainable. As with any career at sea, it takes dedication and commitment to become a successful ferry captain, but those who make it to the top of the profession can look forward to a rewarding and exciting life out on the open water. Likely the first ship to undergo the conversion will be the MV Wenatchee, an iconic vessel that has appeared in TV series such as Greys Anatomy. 0000018803 00000 n [30] It can carry 450 passengers and 52 cars along the 110-nautical-mile (200km; 130mi) route. Largest ferry system in the US, who knew? In Istanbul, ferries connect the European and Asian shores of Bosphorus, as well as Princes' Islands and nearby coastal towns. The vessel can sail up to 22 nautical miles (25mi; 41km) between charges seven times further than previously possible for an e-ferry. Formerly Europa Palace. As part of the upgrades, each vessel will have two of its four diesel generators and locomotive engines replaced with battery systems supplied by Siemens. It has four engines with a combined output of 600 horsepower and can reach speeds of more than 22 knots. The Oasis of the Seas boasts advanced technology including an automated navigation system and a green propulsion system that uses diesel engines combined with gas turbines to reduce emissions. This extensive network was initially put into place by the Japanese Government in 1966 with just 21 routes. This service was discontinued upon completion of the Confederation Bridge. It is propelled by two diesel engines with a combined output of 34 000 horsepower and has a top speed of 22 knots. Cruise ships are designed for longer voyages, are vacation destinations that take passengers to places on vacation. Three smaller vessels, dual fueled with LNG or low sulfur diesel fuel, Salish Orca, Salish Eagle, and Salish Raven (each 600 passengers/ crew and 138 cars capacity serving other parts of the system) were delivered to BC Ferries from the Polish yard, all in 2017. It is 224 metres long by 35 metres broad, weighs 7 500 tonnes, has a load capacity of 6100 tonnes, can transport 2400 passengers and 750 automobiles, and has 1000 cabins. Which brass instrument has the lowest pitch. Washington State Ferries had looked at using hybrid or liquid natural-gas-powered vessels as far back as around 2012, said Sterling, but found the technology wasnt mature enough. [32] However, 18-knot (21mph; 33km/h) ferries between Finland and Sweden produce 0.221kg (7.8oz) of CO2, with total emissions equalling a CO2 equivalent of 0.223kg (7.9oz), while 2427-knot (2831mph; 4450km/h) ferries between Finland and Estonia produce 0.396kg (14.0oz) of CO2 with total emissions equalling a CO2 equivalent of 0.4kg (14oz). Fuel: diesel-electric hybrid. The use of ferries has been essential throughout history, providing a crucial link between two points of land separated by water. The sole contender as oldest ferry in continuous operation is the Mersey Ferry from Liverpool to Birkenhead, England. This job has been around since ancient times, with records of ferries being used in Greece by 600 BC. [2][3] Its sister ship Color Fantasy comes a close second in tonnage. These operated various routes including between the United Kingdom and Continental Europe. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. But why are these watercraft called ferries? In 2021, the system had a ridership of about 56,800 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2022. Stena Line has ordered a half dozen vessels from the Avic International yard in China for delivery through 2021, five of which are LNG ready while a sixth vessel in this E-Flexer series of RoPax vessels ( 1,000 passengers, 3,100 lane meters, or approx. Pioneering this class of ferries was Attica Group, when it introduced Superfast I between Greece and Italy in 1995 through its subsidiary company Superfast Ferries. Very short distances may be crossed by a cable or chain ferry, which is usually a pontoon ferry (see above), where the ferry is propelled along and steered by cables connected to each shore. The vessels used for this massive undertaking range from small boats to large ships that can transport up to 1000 passengers. Maritime Reporter E-News is the maritime industry's largest circulation and most authoritative ENews Service, delivered to your Email five times per week. Entry into service estimated for Autumn 2023, Ordered by Rederi AB Slite for Viking Line traffic. Unlike riders on many other ferry services, Staten Island Ferry passengers do not pay any fare to ride it. Private and publicly owned ferry operations in eastern Canada include Marine Atlantic, serving the island of Newfoundland, as well as Bay, NFL, CTMA, Coastal Transport, and STQ. [9] In Vancouver there is SeaBus. Their replacement by the larger craft is seen by critics as a retrograde step given that the new vessels use much more fuel and foster the inappropriate use of cars[16] in islands already suffering from the impact of mass tourism. The cruiseferry Silja Europa with a gross tonnage of around 60,000 tonnes can carry up to 3,750 passengers, more than any other ferry in Europe. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake prompted restoration of service to the East Bay. 0000011636 00000 n Hovercrafts are another type of ferry vessel often used for short trips across bodies of water. [17] Cable ferries may be used in fast-flowing rivers across short distances. Materials used in constructing ferries also have an effect on the total cost. The main drivers we see are global and local emissions regulations, he said. Regular foot ferry service also exists in the capital of the Czech Republic, Prague, and across the Yarra River in Melbourne, Australia at Newport. In New England, vehicle-carrying ferry services between mainland Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket are operated by The Woods Hole, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket Steamship Authority, which sails year-round between Woods Hole and Vineyard Haven as well as Hyannis and Nantucket. 0000024851 00000 n Ferries often cost more due to the larger size and extra features they offer, while boats can be purchased or rented at a much lower cost. Name changed to Kydon Palace in 2020. The sheer convenience and speed of the ferry made it an indispensable tool for those who needed to travel quickly or frequently between places. The first of two ships, MF Gloppefjord, was put into service in January 2018, followed by MF Eidsfjord. 0000024772 00000 n These were surpassed as the world's largest double-enders when P&O Ferries launched their first double-ender, called the P&O Pioneer, which is due to enter service in September 2022.[15]. These types of vessels are commonly used for travel between cities separated by bodies of water, such as ferry services from New York City to Long Island. Additionally, Hy-Line Cruises operates high speed catamaran service from Hyannis to both islands, as well as traditional ferries, and several smaller operations run seasonal passenger only service primarily geared towards tourist day-trippers from other mainland ports, including New Bedford, (New Bedford Fast Ferry) Falmouth, (Island Queen ferry and Falmouth Ferry) and Harwich (Freedom Cruise Line). This yacht is managed by the Corsica Linea firm and sails in the south of France. Ferries are often equipped with multiple decks for passengers to find their way around the vessel, along with amenities such as restaurants, shopping areas, and even movie theaters. [36] As of 2017, the world's biggest purely electric ferry was the MFTycho Brahe, which operates on the HelsingrHelsingborg ferry route across the resund between Denmark and Sweden. Stena Line, an industry stalwart, is a major catalyst as the ferry industry switches over to the cleaner fuels. There is an increased awareness about the importance of sustainable maritime transportation, including ferries.. It is capable of carrying up to 6,360 passengers and 2,394 crew members. WHAT MAKES A GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS TITLE? [31], The contributions of ferry travel to climate change have received less scrutiny than land and air transport, and vary considerably according to factors like speed and the number of passengers carried. With a corporate focus on sustainability, it is also moving towards electrification with its Stena Saga now tied in to the electrical grid during port calls in Oslo, 14 of its 38 vessels can now connect to electricity during port visits.In future years as attention to sustainability becomes standard practice, further electrification, digitalization and then-automation will likely drive Top 10s. As a prelude, Finferries, which serves ports throughout Finland, announced a successful demonstration of autonomous operation (in conjunction with Rolls Royce) on the double ended car ferry Falco on a short voyage between two ports in the archipelago south of Turku. For other uses, see, Last edited on 20 February 2023, at 15:34, Learn how and when to remove this template message, The Woods Hole, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket Steamship Authority, largest ferries are typically those operated in Europe, "Why Gujarat's Ro-Ro ferry is a revolutionary step for Indian economy", "in Swedish, "Vi seglar var 15:e minut" means "We sail every 15 minutes", "Gta Canal | 190 kilometres of boats, bikes and shrimp sandwiches", "Annual Report 20152016: British Columbia Ferry Service Inc. & B. C. Ferry Authority", "WSDOT Ferries Division: Nation's Largest Ferry System", "Washington State Ferries: Traffic Statistics Rider Segment report", "GeelongPort welcomes Spirit of Tasmania to Geelong", "First new P&O Ferries Dover ship floated out in China", "ATAN official web page: Fast Ferries pointless gas-guzzlers", "Hoboken Historical Museum Steamboat Innovation", "Elwell Ferry: When getting 'away' is closer than you think", "Annual Reports | BC Ferries British Columbia Ferry Services Inc", "Who we are Transdev Sydney Ferries Discover, Experience, Share, Sydney Harbour by Ferry", "Ferry ridership surges to highest level in a decade | WSDOT", "Interferry hears about green alternatives", "Plugging in Finland's first electric ferry Marine Log", "Two massive ferries are about to become the biggest all-electric ships in the world", "World's First Electric Car Ferry Enters Service", "Multi Maritime-designed battery electric ferries MF Gloppefjord and MF Eidsfjord named in Sandane", "Fjord 1 orders seven electric ferries from Havyard electrive.com", https://www.tu.no/artikler/i-2021-vil-norge-ha-60-ferger-med-batterier-na-ma-vegdirektoratet-finne-en-standardlosning-for-lading/414997, "World's largest all-electric ferry sets sail in Denmark", "Off Ferries, New And Old", May 1931, Popular Science, Photography of European locations visitable by ferry, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferry&oldid=1140544536, This page was last edited on 20 February 2023, at 15:34. Employees: Approximately 1,800. Until the completion of the Mackinac Bridge in the 1950s, ferries were used for vehicle transportation between the Lower and the Upper Peninsulas of Michigan, across the Straits of Mackinac in the United States. European operators are among the largest (qualifying them for a traditional Top 10) but also among the most forward thinking- gaining them a mention here. BC Ferries operates the third largest ferry service in the world which carries travellers between Vancouver Island and the British Columbia mainland on the country's west coast. Routes: 10 (Numbers provided by Washington State Dept . While both might be considered vessels that travel on water, there are some important distinctions between them. The most common way to transport a car between Staten Island and Manhattan is via the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge. The Japanese Ferry System is not only the largest ferry system in the world but also one of the most efficient and reliable modes of transportation between islands. [5] The route is around 2.2 nautical miles (4.1km; 2.5mi) and the crossing takes 22 minutes. By the 1970s, ferries were primarily used by tourists with Golden Gate Ferry, an organization under the ownership as the same governing body as the Golden Gate Bridge, left as the sole commute operator. Transbay commuting in the San Francisco Bay Area was primarily ferry based until the advent of automobiles in the 1940s and most bridges in the area were built to supplant ferry services. The profession of the ferryman is embodied in Greek mythology in Charon, the boatman who transported souls across the River Styx to the Underworld. Unlike traditional ferries, RoPax ferries offer more than just transportation between ports. In this page you will be able to find the answers for: The largest ferry system in the U S is in which state? All records listed on our website are current and up-to-date. [38] Further north on the Norwegian west coast, the connection between Anda and Lote will be the world's first route served only by e-ferries. Name changed to Festos Palace in 2020. They are paid well for their services too; some senior captains can earn up to $100,000 a year. Captains play an important role in keeping both passengers and crew safe while theyre at sea. Some ferries carry mainly tourist traffic, but most also carry freight, and some are exclusively for the use of freight lorries. We are already seeing numerous cases of application across Scandinavian countries, and the technology has now started spreading to other parts of the world as well.. 0000001977 00000 n Terminals: 20. Starboard and port-side are dynamic, depending on the direction the ferry sails. 0000001406 00000 n Built in Turku, Finland at a total cost of approximately $1.4 billion USD, the Oasis was conceptualized as part of an ambitious project to revolutionize modern sea travel. In Silja Line traffic between 1993 and 2013. Photo: Viking Lines, Subscribe to Maritime Reporter Email News. Despite the short crossing, the ferries are equipped with restaurants (on three out of four ferries), cafeterias, and kiosks. It was built in 2013 by stx europe in turku, Finland, and sails under the Finnish flag. In addition to its domestic routes, international ferries travel between Japan and South Korea several times a week. In addition to transporting people from one place to another across bodies of water, ferries can also transport cars and other vehicles. Originally 191m and 36,468GT. This type of ferry allows vehicles to load from the "side". Alternative fuels are becoming more widespread on ferries. Free intelligence and insights from industry experts and leading companies on the global energy transformation. New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio announced in February 2015 that city would begin an expanded Citywide Ferry Service, and launched as NYC Ferry in 2017, linking heretofore relatively isolated communities such as Manhattan's Lower East Side, Soundview in The Bronx, Astoria and the Rockaways in Queens and such Brooklyn neighborhoods as Bay Ridge, Sunset Park, and Red Hook with existing ferry landings in Lower Manhattan and Midtown Manhattan. Ian Sterling . It was built by navantia in its shipyard in Puerto rial, Spain, in 2001 and sails under the Swedish flag. Registered Office: Ground Floor, The Rookery, 2 Dyott Street, London, WC1A 1DE, United Kingdom, Otto - Longest human tunnel travelled through by a skateboarding dog, Ashrita Furman - Most Guinness World Records titles held. August 29, 2021 by krist. A small passenger ferry with many stops, such as in Venice, Italy, is sometimes called a water bus or water taxi. which comprise the biggest ferry system in North America. With a fleet of more than 35 vehicle-carrying vessels, 24 routes, and 47 ports of call, British Columbia Ferry Services is the largest passenger ferry system in North America. Some ferries in Sydney, Australia and British Columbia are also double-ended. Passenger-only hydrofoils also proved a practical, fast and relatively economical solution in the Canary Islands, but were recently replaced by faster catamaran "high speed" ferries that can carry cars. On 11 October 1811, inventor John Stevens' ship the Juliana, began operation as the first steam-powered ferry (service was between New York City, and Hoboken, New Jersey). This is equivalent to roughly 46 mph (miles per hour). Nearly 23 million people ride the ferries each year. However, there may have been a short break following the Dissolution of the monasteries after 1536. Meanwhile, Washington State Ferries is also initiating a new-build program for electric ferries that should see Olympic class electric-diesel hybrids entering operation three years from now. Recent ABB projects include the electrification of the Icelandic Road and Coastal Administrations Landeyjahfn to Westman Island ferry and a fleet of new Maid of Mist all-electric ferries to take tourists to the Niagara Falls, Bogen said. Water transport in Mumbai consists of ferries, hovercraft, and catamarans, operated by various government agencies as well as private entities. On the longer of these routes, simple cabins are available. The vessels are generally in good condition. Comments below may relate to previous holders of this record. Originally 210.8 metres (692ft), lengthened 2007. The ferry routes of Trelleborg-Rostock, Trelleborg-Travemnde, Trelleborg-winoujcie, Gedser-Rostock, Gdynia-Karlskrona, and Ystad-winoujcie are all typical transports ferries. Ferry service for bicycles and passengers continues across the straits for transport to Mackinac Island, where motorized vehicles are almost completely prohibited. Another ferry SS Badger operates between Manitowoc, Wisconsin and Ludington, Michigan. It can handle 2 800 passengers, 150 automobiles, and 250 trucks. Its landside hubs run to islands stretching from Point Defiance (near Tacoma) northward to Puget Sound and further out to the Olympic Peninsula and Swartz Bay (Vancouver Island). Entry into service estimated for July 2023, Fuel: diesel-battery hybrid. And the loading/unloading processes are generally painless. [42] The e-ferry is capable of carrying 30 vehicles and 200 passengers and is powered by a battery "with an unprecedented capacity" of 4.3MWh (5,800hph). Viking Gabriella runs between Helsinki, Finland and Stockholm, Sweden. HTUPSg]Z The ferry system initially operated under the jurisdiction of King County, until 1951 when it was assumed by the state government. -. When it comes to ridership, Washington State Ferries is second only to Staten Island Ferry in New York. Where is the largest ferry system in the world? The ferry offers breathtaking views of the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, and the Manhattan skyline, and has become a beloved part of New Yorks culture. Only one service now remains, a foot passenger service between Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight run by Hovertravel. Second largest ferry system in the world for number of vehicles carried: 10.5 million per year. The size can range from 30-50 meters in length for a small ferry up to 150-200 meters long for a large one. The size of the garage or deck varies depending on the type of vessel, but a typical ro-ro ferry can accommodate anywhere from dozens to several hundred vehicles. The Oasis began sailing in November 2009 and is now the largest passenger ship ever constructed. Photo: Viking LinesThe fifth will also be put into a Brittany Ferries charter (also on the run between the UK and Spain). Ferry Fares & Policies. For example, Cruise Roma became the longest ferry in the world after being lengthened in 2019. The ferry service, operated by the Japanese government, covers a total of 143 routes across the country, stretching from Hokkaido in the north to Okinawa in the far south. The Malaysian state of Penang is home to the oldest ferry service in the country. The two other LNG fueled vessels, Hypatia de Alejandra, and Marie Curie (each 800 passengers, 150 cars and 2,100 lane meters for cargo) are also being readied for early and mid-2019 deliveries from the Italian yard. Hovercrafts usually have a smaller capacity than ro-ro ferries and typically carry only a few dozen vehicles at a time. Boats may have below-deck cabins and other accommodations, but they are typically smaller and more modest than what can be found on ferries. In many ways, these ferries are like cruise ships, but they can also carry hundreds of cars on car decks. On the other hand, opponents of a fee point out that the ferry has been free for 115 years and serves an important purpose for commuters who cant afford more expensive forms of transportation. March 24, 2022 by krist. The vessel design was highly innovative and the ability to move freight in great quantities and with minimal labour signalled the way ahead for sea-borne transport, converting the ro-ro ferry from an experimental and marginal ship type into one of central importance in the transport of goods and passengers.[1]. Stena Hollandica is the world's biggest ferry in the world and operates under the Swedish, Stena Line. Depending on the specific job requirements, labor costs can make up a large portion of a ferry construction budget. The ship was built in the Nordic yards in Germany. Due to the numbers of large freshwater lakes and length of shoreline in Canada, various provinces and territories have ferry services. (Hong Kong's Star Ferry system is busiest: 26M/yr, NY's Staten Island 3rd busiest: 23.9M) Washington State Ferries on the USA side is starting by converting its 3 largest ferries - the Tacoma, Puyallup and Wenatchee - to electric hybrid. They provide an essential service to people around the world who rely on ferries for their everyday transportation needs. The busiest ferry route to France is the Dover to Calais crossing with approximately 9,168,000 passengers using the service in 2018. The vessel is serving the Vancouver (Tsawwassen) to Victoria (Swartz Bay) run. Since 1990 high speed catamarans have revolutionised ferry services, replacing hovercraft, hydrofoils and conventional monohull ferries. Most notably, a ferry is generally bigger than a boat in terms of size and capacity. Woodland Ferry, cable ferry located in western Sussex County, Delaware, spanning the Nanticoke River at Woodland, Delaware, west of the city of Seaford; In addition, a private operator runs a ferry across the Current River in Missouri, at Akers Ferry crossing in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways. The driver of a ferry is commonly referred to as the captain. It has two liquefied natural gas engines that produce 55 100 horsepower in total and can attain a top speed of 27 knots. With an ocean crossing of approximately 1900 metres, the cable ferry between Vancouver Island and Denman Island in British Columbia; is the longest one in the world. The Staten Island Ferry in New York City, sailing between the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island, is the nation's single busiest ferry route by passenger volume. In 1150, the Benedictine Priory at Birkenhead was established. 0000010144 00000 n It runs on recovered methanol, which comes from waste gases from the steel industry. It can transport 1300 people and 300 cars. The International Nuclear Information System is operated by the IAEA in collaboration with over 150 members. The MV Osprey 2000 and the MV Balfour are the two vessels used. This was especially true for inhabitants of countries without the means to build bridges across their rivers and seas. This is a very entertaining trivia question of the day and the correct solution is as follows: For example, passenger ferries usually cost significantly more to build than cargo ferries due to their need for extra amenities and safety features onboard. The busiest seaway in the world, the English Channel, connects Great Britain and mainland Europe, with ships sailing from the UK ports of Dover, Newhaven, Poole,[3] Portsmouth and Plymouth to French ports, such as Calais, Dunkirk, Dieppe, Roscoff, Cherbourg-Octeville, Caen, St Malo and Le Havre. For a full list of record titles, please use our Record Application Search. Liked by Rebecca Coleman. Reaction ferries are cable ferries that use the perpendicular force of the current as a source of power. MSSpirit of Tasmania II at port in Devonport, Australia. In comparison, BC Ferries carries 21 million, Staten Island Ferries carries 20 million riders and Alaska Marine Highways . It has also become a tourist attraction among foreigners. 0000001168 00000 n On top of this, captains are expected to possess excellent interpersonal skills in order to interact successfully with passengers and crew members. Istanbul is a city divided by the Bosphorus strait. In 2013, stanbul Deniz Otobsleri A (DO), the city's main ferry operator, which was restructured and privatized in 2010, transported 50.5 million passengers and 7.8 million vehicles, while no information was available for the ferries that remained with the public sector for that year. The modern ferry network is primarily under the authority of San Francisco Bay Ferry, connecting with cities as far as Vallejo. The system had previously been exploring LNG conversions, and is now looking at battery power. Before the construction of the Kerch Bridge, there was a ferry across the Kerch Strait, after the terrorist attack on the Kerch Bridge, the ferry was resumed. In terms of gross tonnage, the largest ferry[1] in the world is the 75,156-ton Color Magic, built by Aker Finnyards of Finland, and operated by Color Line on the route between Oslo in Norway and Kiel in Germany.